![]() ![]() The GVD contains nationally threatened species including the: Itjarri-itjarri (Southern Marsupial Mole, Notoryctes typhlops), Sandhill Dunnart (Sminthopsis psammophila), Nganamara (Malleefowl, Leipoa ocellata) and Princess Parrot ( Polytelis alexandrae). It is difficult for government agencies to prioritize areas for on-ground conservation actions to benefit threatened species. Only 8.3% of the GVD’s tenure is conservation estate within IUCN categories I–IV. It creates scientific uncertainty about the comprehensiveness, adequacy and representativeness of conservation reserves. Inadequate scientific knowledge constrains many aspects of contemporary science-based conservation. Also shown is the location of some other towns/communities. The Spinifex native title determined area and Ilkurlka roadhouse in relation to the Western Australian portion of the Great Victoria Desert. We concur with previous authors that biological surveys, when cross-cultural, can not only build scientific knowledge, but contribute to broader social goals of assisting Aboriginal people with cross-generational transfer and documenting of IEK. The following animals that are of conservation interest were recorded: Itjarri-itjarri (Southern Marsupial Mole, Notoryctes typhlops), Nganamarra (Malleefowl, Leipoa ocellata), Murrtja (Brush-tailed Mulgara, Dasycercus blythi), and Princess Parrot ( Polytelis alexandrae). Many animal names used by the Spinifex People were documented. The survey recorded 148 species of vertebrates 72 birds, 21 mammals (of which six were introduced), 54 reptiles and one frog. ‘Ilkurlka’ and Gnephosis sp., with the first two of these species of conservation interest. Three plant species are new to science Grevillea ilkurlka ms. Only one individual of a weed species was recorded. A total of 185 native plant species were recorded (representing 37 families and 94 genera). ![]() Here, we describe a case study of surveys conducted with the Pila Nguru (Spinifex People) in the Spinifex Native Title Determined Area of the Great Victoria Desert. In doing so, it has assisted with cross-generational transfer and preliminary documentation of IEK in this region. Importantly, while science driven (including systematic survey methods), the project also incorporated Indigenous Ecological Knowledge (IEK). Summary We describe small-scale biological surveys conducted by a collaboration of biologists and Traditional Owners designed to build scientific knowledge of the biota in remote desert regions of Western Australia. They currently live in Tjuntjuntjarra Aboriginal community (Tjuntjuntjara Community, PO Box 1014, via Kalgoorlie, WA 6430, Australia). 3001, Australia Email: Rob Davis is a Botanist at the Western Australian Herbarium (Western Australian Department of Environment and Conservation, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, WA 6983, Australia Email: Jennifer Jackson is Flora Conservation Officer with the Western Australian Department of Environment and Conservation (PO Box 10173, Kalgoorlie, WA 6430, Australia Email: Byron Brooks, Fred Grant and Roy Underwood are senior members of the Pila Nguru (Spinifex People) with the strongest connection to country in the vicinity of Ilkurlka rock hole. Karl Brennan is a Regional Ecologist with the Western Australian Department of Environment and Conservation (PO Box 10173 Kalgoorlie, WA 6430, Australia Tel: +61 8 9080 5555 Email: Peter Twigg is Arts Project Coordinator with the Pila Nguru Aboriginal Corporation (Ilkurlka Community, PO Box 1014, via Kalgoorlie, WA 6430, Australia Tel: +61 8 9037 1147 Email: Alexander Watson is an Ecologist affiliated with various non-government organizations and Edith Cowan University (Email: Adam Pennington is Ecologist for the Pila Nguru Aboriginal Corporation (Tjuntjuntjara Community, PO Box 1014, via Kalgoorlie, WA 6430, Australia Email: Joanna Sumner is Manager of Genetic Resources with Museum Victoria (GPO Box 666, Melbourne, Vic.
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